Apples

Overview

Apples are easy tree fruit to grow and ideal for the allotment as they can be grown in containers, trained to restrict size and grown on dwarfing root stock such as M27 and M9. There are thousands of different varieties of both culinary and eating apples; some varieties are self-fertile - others will need a pollination partner but as apples are so popular it is very likely that there will be one nearby. Before you invest in a tree, consult your local nursery about varieties that suit your area and think carefully about where you place it on your plot, as it will cast shade and the roots will rob the soil in the surrounding area of nutrients and water.

How to grow

Planting - containerised trees can be planted in all but the worst conditions, bare root trees are available between November and March and can be planted if the ground is not frozen or sodden.

• Soil and aspect. A free draining and reasonably fertile soil is best, no fruit tree likes to be waterlogged at the roots. A south or west facing aspect is required for most dessert fruits.
• Open and airy site. The planting site should be free from the competition of overhanging trees/buildings and there must be the free movement of air to prevent diseases such as canker establishing itself. Under damp conditions the branch work must be able to dry quickly.
• Avoid frost pockets and positions that are exposed to high winds. These will cause damage to developing fruits and flowers at critical times in their development.

Dig a wide hole no deeper than the roots, breaking up the sides and base with a fork. Place the tree in the centre and the stake to the side if one is required. Refill with soil, firming as you go to remove air pockets then water and mulch; ensure that the area is kept free of weeds.

Your apple tree will need watering in dry periods, especially when young or when the fruit starts to develop; fruit in containers will need constant water.

Feeding

Use a good balanced fertiliser in early spring sprinkled around the base of the tree and feed containerised trees on a regular basis.

Pruning

To stay productive your tree should be pruned every year, timing and method of pruning depends on the type of apple you are growing.

How to Harvest

Apples are ripe when the fruit comes off the tree with a slight twist of the stalk; they must be handled carefully and stored in a cool but frost free place.

Issues

There are a variety of pests and diseases such as aphids, codling moth and mildew that can affect your apple tree, you can limit their effects by practicing good hygiene, pruning appropriately, using physical barriers such as traps or grease bands to deter codling moth and encouraging natural predators such as ladybirds and lacewings.